Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What physiological issue is typically involved in asthma attacks?

1. Constriction of bronchial passages

2. Destruction of lung tissue

3. Inflammation of the pleura

4. Obstruction by mucus

The correct answer is: Constriction of bronchial passages

In an asthma attack, the primary physiological issue is the constriction of bronchial passages. This narrowing occurs due to the tightening of the smooth muscles surrounding the airways, which can be triggered by various factors such as allergens, exercise, or irritants. During an attack, the body’s response includes inflammation and increased mucus production, which further exacerbates the narrowing of the airways. While mucus obstruction can be an additional factor in the severity of an asthma attack, the primary concern is the constriction of the bronchial passages themselves. This constriction leads to difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for EMTs, as it guides effective treatment strategies during an asthma emergency. The destruction of lung tissue is related to chronic conditions, rather than the acute response seen in asthma attacks. Inflammation of the pleura, while it can affect breathing, is not directly associated with asthma. The core issue during an asthma attack remains the constriction of the bronchial passages, making it the most relevant physiological problem to address in managing an asthma patient.